Whither Shall We Migrate ?

thus : "All that is wanted is population and capital , the sure agents of peace and prosperity in a country where nature has bestowed her gifts in the most profuse manner in climate , soil , and position , and all that is required as a basis for well-being ancl

happiness . T . W . Ilinchliff , Esq ., M . A ., E . R . G . S ., in his charming and thoroughly reliable work , "South American Sketches , " bears the following testimony to the capabilities of this great ancl rising country : "Energetic men from all parts of the earth are beginning to cover those plains and glowing hills with

flocks and hei-ds of sheep and cattle , gaining wealth faster than races of gold diggers ; ancl iu due time towns and cities must spring up in a country where nob only beasts of the field , but corn and cotton , amongst other productions of the earth , can and , with proper care and attentionwill flourish with

per-, fection . The land on which we stood is every year rising rapidl y in value : the flocks of sheep are for the most part doubling themselves every two years and a half . As we halted on the summit , with the glorious sun above our heads , ancl the sweet fresh breeze waving the long grass around usand rippling

, the broad waters of the Uruguay before us and below , I became enchanted with the scene , and indulged myself for a moment in a fit of musing upon the coming prosperity of that fair land . " The principal occupation in the Banda Oriental is sheep ancl cattle farming . Those who are engaged

in it are called eslancieros - their estates are styled estancias . It may not be uninteresting to g ive a description of one of these establishments . The estancia-honsey or homestead , is usually a comfortable stone or brick buildin . o- of from three to seven

rooms , m which the owner and his family live . At the rear clay buildings , with thatched roofs , called ranches , are built for the use of the peons ( servants ) and capataz , ot * sub-manager . On one side of the house , and at some little distance from it , the corral , or manguera , is placed , and is either built of stone

or formed of thin hard wood posts cut from a neighbouring wood , the ends of which are driven into the ground to the depth of several feet . The heads of these posts are bound together wifch raw hide , iron wire , or the skin of the capincho , which abouucls on the river banks . The corral is a yard or enclosure

in which both cattle and sheep are worked . A large galpon , or shed , which is contiguous to the corral , serves to shelter the shearers from the broiling sun of jSToveniber . Besides this shed , the enramada , a smaller one of a similar kind , is usually erected near the . dwelling-house , ancl serves to protect saddled

horses and domestic animals front the glare of the noonday sun . On the confines ofthe land , and at the distance of little more than a mile from each other , ranches are erected , and in each of these a shepherd is placed in charge of a flock of 1200 to 1500 sheep . His only

, , duty is to drive them out gently in the morning , and accompany them all day to prevent mistakes with tbe other flocks , ancl in tbe evening to take them back to their rodes , alongside of his hut , where they lie down , and never move until the dew is off the grass in the lnornine .

These shepherds receive £ 2 10 s . per month , and maintenance . Moreover , they are frequently permitted to invest their savings in cows , which graze

on the land free of expense . Shearers earn , in addition , one penny per fleece . It is by no means unusual to find men who came out to this country without a sixpence , in a few years jiossessed of considerable wealth . A man who possesses some capital should pass a certain time at one of the large estancias , in order to master thoroughly the details of the business then let him start with a small extent of stocked land .

or , what is still better , let hint join some older and more experienced man than himself , as is done every day , on the principle of shares iu profits on portions of stock , according to the money advanced . To quote the words of l ? aterfami ! ias in a highly valuable letter , published by the Monte Videan Legation ,

London , "His independence would be rapidly secured , and secured so cheaply as to render any other pursuit , with live times the money , quite preposterous in comparison—in ninety cases out of a hundred in trade , ancl in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred iu the professionswhether of divinitylawmedicines ,

, , , or the united services . " It must not be supposed that life in the " camp" is dreary and monotonous . On the contrary , it is considered by all who have experienced it , truly delightful . The most open hearted hospitality abounds . General cheerfulness , health , and abundance mitigate

those " carking cares" to which many of the dwellers in European countries are subject . To every one willing ancl able to work , this country stretches outlier hands in welcome , and in a few short years she will crown him , as she has so many before , with the blessings of wealthand health to enjoy it .

, The third point to be considered is the protection afforded to life and property . These are perfectly safe in the Banda Oriental . Crimes attended with violence are extremely rare . The native gauchos , although impulsive and prone to quarrelling amongst

themselves , are very civil ancl obliging to strangers . " The gaucho , or native peon , " says Mr . M'Coll , " far from being the bloodthirsty robber imaginative writers paint him , is the incarnation of fidelity and endurance . Ask the saladeristo , who entrusts hundreds of doubloons to his care , aud sends him out to purchase

cattle , if he has ever had reasouto repent his confidence . " Mr . Anderson , a brother-in-law of the writer of this paper , an extensive estanciero in the Banda Oriental , when he first went out , had as " his sole companion a gaucho of , " to use the language of Mr . Ilinchliff , who gives a humourous sketch of this

individual— " very unprepossessing appearance , but staunch fidelity , who having distinguished himself in frequent quarrels by generally killing his man , now determined to devote all his energy and talent to the service of his gallant young master . " I have frequentl y heard Mr . Anderson speak of the

trustworthiness and devotion of this peon , and I know that he thinks very highly ofthe gaucho character onthe whole . Durin g the frequent wars that unfortunately occur in this couutry settlers are occasionally in danger of having a horse seized b y the belligerents . Instant reparationhoweveris made bthe Government on

, , y the representation of the British Consul . The wars in the Banda Oriental are very pigmy affairs , and very sli g htly affect the settler . Its comparative proximity to Europe gives the Banda Oriental one great advantage over other fields for emigration . The mail steamers leave Southampton