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Article THE WAR.—ASSISTANCE TO THE SICK AND WOUNDED. ← Page 2 of 2 Article ENGLISH GILDS.* Page 1 of 4 →
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The War.—Assistance To The Sick And Wounded.
make his pain as light as possible by whatever comforts can alleviate it—to nurse him—communicate with his friends—and cure him , if possible , is the aim of the Society ' s operations . ' ' All the nations of Europe—and America—had Societies of this nature organised before the outbreak
of this war , and were ready to give help at once . "If Great Britain should be dragged into war , the first aim of this Society would be to succour wounded British , then its wounded allies and enemies . At all events , it is vitally important to have a society established , an organisation completed , and depots of
stores collected against such contingency . * ' Aid can be given best in this way : —Public meetings should be held , and Committees formed in all provincial towns—funds should be collecteddepots of store ? formed . The former might be at once forwarded to the Central Committee in London ; the latter retained and forwarded as required . " Even should war cease , there will , for six months
at least , be hospitals full of wounded ; and eventually , such Committees and depots would form a most valuable national organisation , in case , first of future war , and secondly , in all great accidents . " The Central Committee hope and believe that England will show her charity now—and that having once organised this Society—she will never in future
be found unprepared . "The Prince of Wales is our President—the Secretary of State for War is on our Committee—The Queen and the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief are among our subscribers—the Government has given us an Office and Store . Field-Marshals , Peers ,
Members of the House of Commons , Officers of the Army and Navy , Medical men , Clergymen , of every shade of opinion and all professions , we are working hard in the one cause of relief of the miseries of war , and ladies of all ranks are giving their persoual services to collect , prepare , and issue materiel under the direction of the Central Committee . "
English Gilds.*
ENGLISH GILDS . *
( Continued from page 143 . ) We now come to the third part of Dr . Brentano ' s interesting introduction , which refers to the Gild Merchants , which he describes as sworn fraternities for the protection of right and the
preservation of liberty , which was in these days necessary in the towns for the protection of property and trade , against the violence of nei ghbouring nobles , the arbitrary aggressions of the bishops or burgraves , or the bold onsets of
robbers . In some instances , where new trades were established by settlements of workmen or traders from foreign countries , the combinations were rendered necessary to enable them to overcome
the prejudice of the native inhabitants , then in a state of semi-barbarism . The insecurity of the towns themselves also moved the small freemen thereof to band themselves into the g ilds . The members of this class
were mostly free landed proprietors , the possession of town land being the distinguishing mark of the earl y burghers , for to this possession alone was full citizenshi p attached in the first movements of civic life . Naturally the whole body of full
citizens united itself everywhere into one g ild , convivum conjuratum , and the g ild law became the law of the town . Among the earliest of these g ilds ( the history of which extends back to Anglo-Saxon times ) are
the g ilds of Dover , of the Thanes at Canterbury , the Gild Merchant of London and York , the great Gild of St . John at Beverly , the Gild of the Blessed Mary at Chesterfield . The old usages of Winchester contain intimations of a former
relationship between the gild of merchants and the body of the citizens . One document contains grants of liberties , and of a gild to the townsmen of Beverley , similar to the grant of civic constitutions to several German towns . By this
document , Thurston , Archbishop of York , grants to the townsmen of Beverley , a g ild , and " all liberties , with the same laws that the men of York have in their city . " King Henry I ., as well as Thurstan ' s successors , confirmed this Beverley
grant ; and there is even a document stating its confirmation by Pope Lucius III . From this kind of gild sprang , in England , the method of recognising the cifeens as an independent body , by confirming their gild . Iu the eleventh and twelfth centuries , especiall y
in the north of 1 ranee , appear unions of the free towns , in order to protect themselves against the oppressions of the powerful , and the better to defend their rights . In 1070 , the citizens of Mans established a sworn confederacy , in order to
oppose the oppressions of Godfrey of Mayenne . The people of Cambrai did the same against their bishop in 1076 , during his absence ; and as he , on his return , refused to recognise their confederacy , they shut the gates of the town against him . The
numerous grants of communal rights to French towns from the eleventh to the thirteenth century , are nothing but the recognition by the king of such Frith-gilds as had been previously in existence for a longer or shorter period . In 1188 , Count Phili p of Flanders confirmed to
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
The War.—Assistance To The Sick And Wounded.
make his pain as light as possible by whatever comforts can alleviate it—to nurse him—communicate with his friends—and cure him , if possible , is the aim of the Society ' s operations . ' ' All the nations of Europe—and America—had Societies of this nature organised before the outbreak
of this war , and were ready to give help at once . "If Great Britain should be dragged into war , the first aim of this Society would be to succour wounded British , then its wounded allies and enemies . At all events , it is vitally important to have a society established , an organisation completed , and depots of
stores collected against such contingency . * ' Aid can be given best in this way : —Public meetings should be held , and Committees formed in all provincial towns—funds should be collecteddepots of store ? formed . The former might be at once forwarded to the Central Committee in London ; the latter retained and forwarded as required . " Even should war cease , there will , for six months
at least , be hospitals full of wounded ; and eventually , such Committees and depots would form a most valuable national organisation , in case , first of future war , and secondly , in all great accidents . " The Central Committee hope and believe that England will show her charity now—and that having once organised this Society—she will never in future
be found unprepared . "The Prince of Wales is our President—the Secretary of State for War is on our Committee—The Queen and the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief are among our subscribers—the Government has given us an Office and Store . Field-Marshals , Peers ,
Members of the House of Commons , Officers of the Army and Navy , Medical men , Clergymen , of every shade of opinion and all professions , we are working hard in the one cause of relief of the miseries of war , and ladies of all ranks are giving their persoual services to collect , prepare , and issue materiel under the direction of the Central Committee . "
English Gilds.*
ENGLISH GILDS . *
( Continued from page 143 . ) We now come to the third part of Dr . Brentano ' s interesting introduction , which refers to the Gild Merchants , which he describes as sworn fraternities for the protection of right and the
preservation of liberty , which was in these days necessary in the towns for the protection of property and trade , against the violence of nei ghbouring nobles , the arbitrary aggressions of the bishops or burgraves , or the bold onsets of
robbers . In some instances , where new trades were established by settlements of workmen or traders from foreign countries , the combinations were rendered necessary to enable them to overcome
the prejudice of the native inhabitants , then in a state of semi-barbarism . The insecurity of the towns themselves also moved the small freemen thereof to band themselves into the g ilds . The members of this class
were mostly free landed proprietors , the possession of town land being the distinguishing mark of the earl y burghers , for to this possession alone was full citizenshi p attached in the first movements of civic life . Naturally the whole body of full
citizens united itself everywhere into one g ild , convivum conjuratum , and the g ild law became the law of the town . Among the earliest of these g ilds ( the history of which extends back to Anglo-Saxon times ) are
the g ilds of Dover , of the Thanes at Canterbury , the Gild Merchant of London and York , the great Gild of St . John at Beverly , the Gild of the Blessed Mary at Chesterfield . The old usages of Winchester contain intimations of a former
relationship between the gild of merchants and the body of the citizens . One document contains grants of liberties , and of a gild to the townsmen of Beverley , similar to the grant of civic constitutions to several German towns . By this
document , Thurston , Archbishop of York , grants to the townsmen of Beverley , a g ild , and " all liberties , with the same laws that the men of York have in their city . " King Henry I ., as well as Thurstan ' s successors , confirmed this Beverley
grant ; and there is even a document stating its confirmation by Pope Lucius III . From this kind of gild sprang , in England , the method of recognising the cifeens as an independent body , by confirming their gild . Iu the eleventh and twelfth centuries , especiall y
in the north of 1 ranee , appear unions of the free towns , in order to protect themselves against the oppressions of the powerful , and the better to defend their rights . In 1070 , the citizens of Mans established a sworn confederacy , in order to
oppose the oppressions of Godfrey of Mayenne . The people of Cambrai did the same against their bishop in 1076 , during his absence ; and as he , on his return , refused to recognise their confederacy , they shut the gates of the town against him . The
numerous grants of communal rights to French towns from the eleventh to the thirteenth century , are nothing but the recognition by the king of such Frith-gilds as had been previously in existence for a longer or shorter period . In 1188 , Count Phili p of Flanders confirmed to