The History Of Freemasonry In Portugal,

Grand Master was upon the point of dissolution . In 1839 a chapter of Rose Croix was re-established with the object of saving Portuguese Masonry from the abyss over which it was

pending . The Honourable Emmanuel Gonqalves de Miranda , Councillor of State and Minister- of the Department of the Interior , was elected to the office of Grand Master .

The Grand Lodge of which Saldanha held the gavel was governed ( during his absence from the country for political reasons ) by Joseph Liberat Freire de Carvalho , Comte de Lumiares , and Louis Eiberio de Saraiva .

In 1840 the Baron da Villa Nova de Foscoa became Grand Master of another Orient , which represented the advanced Libera ! politics . Ten years later Jean Gualberto de Pina Cabral succeeded him iu the Grand Mastership , but after a

very few months this group , as also that of the Marechel Saldanha , was almost lost in the mass of other combinations . The Orients were multiplied to an alarming extent till they reached the number of nine , under

as many different Grand Masters , the result ofthe ravings of ambition . About this time , under the same pretext , the dissentient southern Masons consecrated a new Orient under the title of the " Portuguese Masonic Confederation . " We rlo not know if this Orient was the one

presided over by the Baron de Yilla Nova de Foscoa , and it is not evidently demonstrated that he was the origin of the Orient which existed but ¦ a short since under the same name at Lisbon . Nevertheless , there are many reasons for the

probability of such being the fact . Otherwise it is of little import , the chronological order ofthe Grand Masters , of the Lusitanian Grand Orient , is as stated under : —Silva Carvalho , Gonqalves de Miranda , and the Comte de Thomar .

This irregular assemblage of lodges , or rather political associations , styled itself Southern Masonry , to distinguish it from that of the North , represented by the lodges established at Oporto under the rule of Emmanuel da Silva Passos .

In the year 1841 , on the 20 th April , the Oomte de Thomar , Antione Bernard da Costa Cabral , was invested with the exalted dignity of Grand Master in succession to Emmanuel Concalves de

The History Of Freemasonry In Portugal,

Miranda ; the only use he made of his advancement was to triumph over his enemies . The ephemeral resusciafcion of the popular revolution in 1846 , compelled the Comte de Thomar to flee the country , and the Yicomte d'Oliveria

then took the Supreme Command , soon to resign it into the hands of the Comte de Thomar , on his return to Lisbon within the same year . This was an melancholy period of political intolerance , persecution , and tyranny , during the reign

of Donna Maria IL , otherwise a virtuous queen , faithful to the constitution of the state , but who persistently retained as minister of the interior , in spite of the antipathy of the people , the Comte de Thomar .

Masonry suffered thereby , and this Grand Master , who owed to the fraternal devotion of his brethren his advancement to the highest rank of public life , used the lodge to serve his own political ends , gloried in his treason , in renouncing the

command of the order , and dragging with him into obscurity the Grand Orient of Lusitania . This Grand Orient , has been on several occasions the dupe of those which it had protected . In 1842 the Comte de Thomar denounced it before

the parliament . The Grand Master , Joseph da , Silva Carvalho , who on his return to the country unable to regain the Grand Mastership , constituted himself chief of another Order of the Scottish .

Rite , and agam m 1846 , m the presence of the peers of the realm , abjured his Masonic belief . This Scottish Rite , established at the time mentioned , still exists in Lisbon , altogether ignored by the other Masonic bodies , under the

command of Jean Maine Feijci , and under the political influence of Vice-Admiral Yicomte de Scares Franco . ( To be continued . )

History Of Masonic Imitations.

HISTORY OF MASONIC IMITATIONS .

By Bro . GEOEGE S . BLACKIE , M . D . ( From the Masonic liecord ) . ( Concluded from page 266 ) . It must be noticed that female Freemasonry in Europe , differs essentially from the true science ,

in the fact that it had a political use , and on the Continent became the great engine of political discontent , and had without doubt great influence on the French revolution . The lodges of adoption were established to permit the female intriguantes to put an end to their absolute exclusion from the