Membership Of Lodges In England And Ireland.

stating the circumstances under AA'hicli he left the lodge ; and such certificate is to be produced to any other lodge of Avhich he is proposed to be admitted a member , previous to the ballot being taken . " Sth . Brethren , by ceasing to subscribe , and after due noticeforfeit their

member-, ship , ipso facto , Avithout any trial Avhatever , under the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland . Such arrears must be discharged before joining another lodge , and under Englaud and Ireland , membership of the Grand Lodge is forfeited by all Past Masters Avho are not contributing members

of lodges . It simply amounts to this : Cease to subscribe to a lodge for twelve months , and there and then all privileges obtained by having served as Master of a lodge , are lost , and after clue notice , and no payment madethe name is erased from the roll of

, members . The elaborate machinery of a trial is avoided , for if the brother has received notice , aud still continues a defaulter , the onus rests on himself , ancl by his own tacit refusal , the membership lapses .

There must bo an annual subscription paid to the funds of a lodge under the constitution of the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland , or membership ceases , and all privileges aro forfeited in the lodge and Grand Lodge in question , save those before noted , and as respects relief in cases of distress . I should not have thus alluded to the

subject aud at such length , after my esteemed Brother Horvey ' s letter to Brother Gouley ( tAvo model Grand Secretaries ) , but the importance of the questions considered appear to me to demand it .

A Cigar Scientifically Dissected.

A CIGAR SCIENTIFICALLY DISSECTED .

From the " Scientific American . " To the world in general a ci gar is merely a lightly rolled packet , having brittle fragments of dry loaves Avithin , and a smooth silky leaf for its outer Avrapper . When it is burnt , and the plesantly-flavoured smoke iuhaled , the habitual smoker claims

for it a soothing luxury that quiets the irritable , nervous organism , relieves weariness , and entices repose . Science , scouting so superficial a description , examines first the smoke , second the leaf , third the ash , In the smoke is discovered water in

vaporous state , soot ( free carbon ) , carbonic acid ancl carbonic oxide , and a vaporous substance condensable into oil y nicotine . These are the general divisions , Avhich Void and Eulenberg have still further split up ; and in so doing have

found acetic , formic , butyric , valeric , and propionic acids , prussic acid , creosote , and carbolic acid ammonia , sulphuretted hydrogen , pyridine , viridine , picoline , luditine , collodiiie , parvoline , coridine , and rubidene . These last are a series of oil

y gases belonging to the homologues aniline , first discovered in coal tar . A pplying chemical tests to the leaves , other chemists have found nicotia , tobacco camphor or nicotianine ( about Avhich not much is knoAvn ) , a bitterextractive mattergum

, , , chlorophyll , malate of lime , sundry albuminoids , malice acid , Avoody fibre , and various salts . The feathery Avhite ash , Avhich in its cohesion aud whiteness is indicative of the

good cigar , yields potash , soda , magnesia , lime , phosphoric acid , sulphuric acid , silicia , and chlorine . Our friend has kindly left us a fine cigar ; had it been a poor and cheap one , the ingredients Ave should extract Avould be fearful and wonderful to contemplate . Here is the list from an

English parliamentary report on adulerations iu tobacco . Sugar , alum , lime , flour or meal , rhubarb leaves , saltpetre , fuller ' s earth , starch , malt comings , chromate of lead , peat moss , molasses , burdock leaves , common saltendive leaveslampblack

, , , gum , red dye , a black dye composed of vegetable red , iron , and liquorice , scraps of ueAVspaper , cinnamon stick , cabbage leaves , and straAV broAvn paper . Returning now to the smoke , or rather its ingredients , Dr . B . W . Richardson , in

his "Diseases of Modern Life , " considers the effect of the same on the body at considerable length , basing his conclusions on actual investigation . He tells us that Avater , of course , is harmless ; free carbon acts mechanically as an irritant , aud tends to discolour the secretions and the teeth . Ammonia bites the tongue , exercises a solvent influence on the blood , excites the