Provincial Grand Lodge Of Cambridgeshire.

there were 345 Masons in the province , only 83 belonged to their Charity Association , the subscription to which was only ios . Od . 1 he Committee of the Girls' School had decided to go for a new building at a cost ol / 2 o , ooo , and they wanted all the help they could get . He hoped the members of their six lodges would rally round the D . P . G . M ., who would represent the province at the Girls' Festival , and endeavour to return their

candidate—Kate L . Boning . . After speaking briefly in support of the Charities , the P ROV . ORAND M ASTER proposed "The ' W . M . ' s of the Various Lodges in the Province , to which Bros . PASHLER , SHARMAN , ARMYTAGE . and E . HILLS responded , and the hope was expressed that the brethren would have the pleasure ol seeing more of their Prov . Grand Master . With the Tyler's toast the proceedings terminated .

Provincial Grand Lodge Of North And East Yorkshire.

PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF NORTH AND EAST YORKSHIRE .

A special Provincial Grand Lodge and general communication of brethren in this province , on the invitation of the York Lodge , No . 236 , was held in the York Lodge , Duncombe-place , York , on Monday , the 21 st inst ., when a large assembly of the brethren of the province was present . In the absence of the R . W . Prov . Grand Master , Bro . the Right Hon . the

Earl of Zetland , the meeting was presided over by the Deputy Prov . Grand Master , Bro . Lieut .-Col . the Hon . W . T . Orde-Powlett , J . P ., D . L ., P . G . W . England , who was supported by Bro . John W . Woodall , P . G . Treas . England , acting as Deputy Prov . Grand Master , and the following Provincial Grand Officers :

Bros . Rev . Henry Greeves , M . A ., P . M . 566 , P . S . G . VV . ; Denis J . O'Donoghue , P . M . 57 , P . G . J . W . ; Rev . J . E . Torbett , B . A ., 123 , P . G . Chap . ; Walter Reynolds , P . M . 250 , P . G . Treas . ; H . A . Williamson , P . M . 200 , P . G . Reg . ; M . C . Peck , P . M . 1040 , P . G . Sec ; T . G . Hodgson , W . M . 2 ^ 6 , P . S . G . D . ; M . Millington , P . M . 1611 , P . l . G . D . ; Geo . Taylor , P . M . 161 S , P . G . Supt . of Works ; Josh . Knaggs , P . M .

1760 , P . A . G . D . C ; T . M . Goldie , P . M . 960 , P . G . Swd . Br . ; T . T . Davis , P . M . 2134 , P . G . Std . Br . ; W . Gillett , P . M . 2134 , P . G . Std . Br . ; Jas . F . Stewart , 602 , P . G . Organist ; Thomas Oates , P . M . 250 , P . A . G . Secretary ; VV . T . Harrison , P . M . 561 , P . G . Purst . ; and F . J . Lambert , 1010 , P . G . Tyler ; also the following- Past Provincial Grand Officers—Bros . VV . B . Richardson , P . P . G . W . ; T . B . Whytehead , P . P . G . W . ; Rev . A . P . Purey-Cust , D . D ., P . G . C . England ,

Rev . VV . Valentine and Rev . W . G . Chilman , P . P . G . Chaps . ; VV . Lawton , Josh . Todd , J . Sykes Rymer , Lord Mayor of York , and J . Marshall , P . P . G . Resrs . ; H . B . Anderson and G . L . Shackles , P . P . G . Deacons ; W . Tesseyman , J . Kemp , VV . Holder , and C . Palliser , P . P . G . Supts . Wks . ; Col . R . G . Smith , A . Farmer , G . Kirby , G . H . Walshaw , and Major A . H . McGachen , P . P . G . Dirs . of Cers . ; J . R . Ansdell , P . P . G . Sword Bearer ; G . Balmford and A . Sample , P . P . G . Organists ; G . Simpson and J . Fairburn , P . P . G . Pursuivants ; and many other brethren .

The Provincial Grand Lodge having been opened in due form , the Acting Prov . Grand Master was saluted with grand honours . The Rules and Regulations of the Educational Fund of the province , adopted at the last Prov . Grand Lodge , held at York on the 14 th July , were confirmed .

The Acting Prov . Grand Master then invested the following brethren , who were appointed by the R . W . Prov . Grand Master on the 28 th September last , in celebration of the Jubilee year of her Majesty's reign , and in accordance with the resolution passed by Grand Lodge on the 7 th o f September : —

Bro . Joseph Todd , P . M . 236 ... ... •••1 r > P c r w „ M . C . Peck , P . M . 1040 ... ... _ 3 f . i . b . ior . W „ Tom Turner , P . M . 294 ... ... ... P . P . G . Reg „ Charles Gray , P . M . 734 ... ... ... ) p p r- „ J . T . Seller , P . M . 1611 ... ... j P . r . b . U . D .

Bro . J OSEPH TODD , P . P . G . W ., proposed , and Bro . J . SYKES RYMER , P . P . G . Reg ., seconded , that the sum of 120 guineas be voted from the Prov . Grand Lodge Fund of Benevolence to the Royal Masonic Institution for Girls' at its Centenary Festival , 1888 , and the same be placed upon the

list of the Prov . Grand Charity representative , Bro . Col . R . G . Smith , P . M . 1010 , P . P . G . D . C , which was carried unanimously . This amount completing the sum of 400 guineas , constitutes the Prov . Grand Lodge a Patron of the Institution , with So votes . After other business Prov . Grand Lodge was closed in due form .

Superintendents Of English Buildings In The Middle Ages.—I.

SUPERINTENDENTS OF ENGLISH BUILDINGS IN THE MIDDLE AGES . —I .

I am very pleased to congratulate Mr . Wyatt Papworth , F . R . I . B . A ., on the re-publication of his able paper , entitled " Notes on the Superintendents of English Buildings in the Middle Ages , " by authority of the Council of the " Royal Institute of British Architects . " The handsome reprint is now before me . It is , however , in many respects a new work , Mr . Papworth

having added considerably to the original papers— some of which appeared in the transactions of the Society , more than a quarter of a century agoand has referred several times to the "History of Freemasonry " by Bro . Gould in elucidation of points of considerable interest to Freemasons , thus , to a very great extent at least , accepting the Masonic Historian as a

trusty guide . The Council recommend this reprint " to the careful perusal not only of those members who do not possess the original , but of the whole bod y , " because the treatise is so "Associated with current questions of Technical Education , and with professional practice in its mediaeval aspect . " In truth , I do not know where else to obtain such valuable information in

such a concise form , and arranged and explained with due regard to authorities and circumstances ; all needful points being carefully noted , and the reader enabled to test the accuracy of all details , through the

numerous references to sources from which the author has so industriousl y gleaned the facts on which he bases his well-considered opinions . Especially , as Craftsmen , we are much indebted to Mr . Papworth for his long and valuable labours , in elucidating the numerous interesting points involved in

Superintendents Of English Buildings In The Middle Ages.—I.

the enquiry respecting the exact relationship which existed between the Superintendents of Buildings in England during a most eventful period , and the actual Designers and Builders of such Fabrics . He appears to us at times rather fond of administering " side blows" to the present body of Freemasons to whom we are so proud to belong , but on the whole this is

done so good naturedly and withal in such a friendly manner , that we are more inclined to be amused than vexed with the author , especially as his researches have tended so much to our advantage as a Society , and provided such a mass of reliable data on which may fairly be constructed a really valuable independent sketch of the early Freemasons ,, hence we cannot but feel grateful accordingly .

The aim of the author throughout has been to ascertain " who were really the persons entitled to the credit of designing the works erected in England during the Middle Ages . " That credit , he states , has been generally ascribed to men of high rank in the Church , especially as respects ecclesiastical buildings ; but mention is also made of the claims ot a body of men called Freemasons , which have been put forward to the effect that they "devised and directed the operations necessary to the development of their employer ' s wishes . "

Relative to the " Superintendents , " Mr . Papworth , first of all , deals with the " Architect and Ingeniator , " and declares that of the former term he finds no mention within the period immediately concerned , adding , in a foot-note , that "the title Architect appears to have been introduced into English books about the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth . " Walpole ( 1762 ) recites a writ dated 1199 relative to one " Elyas , Ingeniator , which

that authority translates Architect , but Mr . Papworth considers may properly be represented by Engineer . Of such a use several instances are noted from 1170 down to as late as 1689-1702 ( in Scotland ) . The Supervisor , is generally considered to mean Surveyor , or perhaps Overseer , who , " if promotion , and remuneration be taken into account , was of lesser rank than the Clerk of the Works , " as respects Windsor Castle in the fourteenth

century . I must not stay to cite the numerous instances of the employment the term Surveyor , though , of space and time permitting , it would be genial work to go over the whole range of this portion , particularly in relation to William of Wykeham ( who the author does not believe to have been a designer of architectural works ) , Sir Christopher Wren , and certain ecclesiastics . The suggestive title of "Master of the Masonry" applied to William Orchyerd , in the fifteenth century , as the Master Mason at the

building of Magdalen College , Oxford , would also call for consideration were not the matter beyond the scope of the present article . There is much in the question— "Would not our word Steward be a more appropriate interpretation of the word Supervisor , when used in the old records ? " Fitzherbert , on Survey inge ( 1534 ) , writes— " The name of a Sarueyour is a French name , and is as muche to saye in Englishe as an Ouerseer . " I am inclined to agree with this view myself , as the copious references cited b y Mr , Papworth all tend in that direction .

Of the " Sacristan , " we read that he , and sometimes the Treasurer , held the important post of " Magister Operum . " It was his duty to receive all the donations , & c , for the support and ornamentation of the buildings , & c , and " to his superintendence was submitted the construction , reparation , beautifying , and enlarging of the churches and various buildings of the monastery . . . with this extensive employment it is remarkable how few Sacristans , as designers , have come down to us . "

The office of " Master of the Work' is next considered , and , the title is traced irom 1334 down to the last century . " Keeper of the Fabric and Keeper of the Work , are two officials which are alluded to under the former Title , acting in conjunction with the " Master of the Work , " and presumed to render services " akin to those of an

Accountant ; " but whether such a description is definite enough , I would rather not undertake to say . Assuredly it is most difficult rightly to appreciate and estimate the exact duties of some of the officials named in documents of the period under consideration . The rare Title of "Director " is duly mentioned , but to that I need not now refer , for to my mind it was virtually included in other offices referred to by the author .

the " Clencus uperahouum , Mr , Papworth , accounts as an important an officer as any of the preceding ; on three instances noted , the " Keeper of the Fabric , " appropriated that Title also , and from the example discovered " it might almost be concluded that it was retained for use by Royalty only . " In the household of the Monarch there was an office for carrying out Royal works , a fact which "has not been noticed" by any of Mr . Papworth ' s predecessors , who have conducted investigations during the

period . The earliest list of the kind is that of Edward IV . "The year 1610 affords a list of the household of Prince Henry , in which occurs the very acceptable name of ' Inigo Joanes , Surveyor of the VVorkes ; ' later lists of the Royal household give the name of Inigo Jones , Surveyor ; Denham , later still , was Surveyor-General ; and Wren , Surveyor of the Works , is also known as Surveyor-General . " These lists , titles , & c , " exhibit the precursor of the modern Board , or rather , Office of Works under the Government . "

The earliest instance of the appointment of " Clerk of the Works , " so the author states , is in 1241 , 25 th Henry III . Quite a number of these officers are cited , with most interesting lacts relating to their duties , etc , which , however , for the reasons already mentioned , I am compelled now to pass over . The remark of Mr . Papworth that possibly sometimes such appointments were given to favourites of the King— " a gift for good services

rendered' —is worthy of attention . In such cases doubtless Deputies were permitted , e . g . Geoffrey Chaucer the Poet , as Clerk of the Works at Westminster and the Tower , and elsewhere , offers possibly a case in point . The salary of the Clerk of the Works has been stated to be exceptional , where-as Mr . Papworth shows that it was regularl y paid for many years , and at nearly the same amount . The Livery to this officer was a customary present long before the period generally assigned for its introduction .

The " Devizor , Hunt , in Tudor Architecture" ( 1836 ) declares , " acted invariably under a supervising officer who , leaving the artist ' s fancy and genius unshackled , controlled and restrained the expenditure of money . " This , says Mr . Papworth , "is exactly the position held , I consider , by Wykeham , at Windsor . " " The English word 'Supervisor , ' if that of 'Steward' be questionable , is , I think , best kept for those who , acting on behalf of others , as Wykeham for the Monarch , have yet no grounds to be considered the designers of the Building . "

In considering the question as to Wykeham being " one of the Craft , Bio , Gould ' s great work is referred to as " one of the best , if not the best relating to the History of Freemasonry , " an estimate in which I most