Reviews

seek to move to the right or to the left , from that one narrow straig ht path of perfect toleration and absolute neutrality which dominates the profession , and ought ever to distinguish the practice , of English and Anglo-Saxon Freemasonry . We will therefore , as we only can , treat the work as an expression of autobiographical reminiscences , which for many reasons must have deep interest for us all ,

and we can safely repeat the judgment of the Times reviewer , which pronounces this work one of the most life-like and interesting and valuable autobiographical contributions which have appeared in this our generation . And then we may also take a wider survey , and extend our remarks and criticisms . Aluch of the personal history revealed is to a certain extent

general not sectional , cosmopolitan not national . The names of Cardinal Newman , John Keble Arnold , Archbishop Whateley , Cardinal Manning , Samuel Wilberforce , J . H . Rosc , Dr . Hook . and manymore , belong to all time . and as Freemasonry inculcates largeness of views , and emancipates us from the dull bigotry of fanatic cries and hates , we are on our right in these peaceful and uncontroversial

pages in dealing with works which give us biographical memories of the most intense interest , and bring us face to face with those who have played no inconsiderable part in the struggles and movements of the world in which we live . And so we recommend all our readers , who love biographical accuracy and revel in personal reality and identity , who wish as it were to be introduced in " propria

persona , " to individualities of whom they have read so much , whether favourably or unfavourably matters nothing , to peruse Mr . Mozley's life-like pages for themselves , and they will be rewarded for their industry and patience , and find their labour a very pleasant and profitable one . Indeed , of few two volume works can it be more fairly said that the writer continues to keep up the interest

unflagging almost to the last . Were it not for one little mistake we think the book would be perfect , a model ol what such volumes of rcminscences should be . The writer having modestly told us that he is " not much of a logician or of a metaphysician , or of a philosopher , least of all a theologian , " ought not to have jeopardized the success of

a very charming work by those disquisitions on abstract questions which are to be found between pages 330 and 3 S 5 , which have nothing very new in them , are somewhat heavy reading , and seem to contrast markedly with the lucidity and vivacity of preceding and subsequent pages . But let our readers judge for themselves ' .

KINGS' BRIEFS ; THEIR PURPOSES AND HISTORY , fey CORNELIUS WALFORD , F . R . Hist . Soc Printed for private circulation . This recent work of Mr . Cornelius Walford is both very interesting and very suggestive . It touches upon a point in our social and religious history which has been too much overlooked by most of our writers . The history of briefs ,

or collections , is a very curious one , and the fact of Royalty intervening points to clearly the early distrust and difficulties which arose between the religious and secular authorities . Papal briefs are very old , and as regards our Order , no doubt what are called the Papal Bulls are Brieves to form a Gild to restore a church , to build a bridge or a monastery , to collect alms . Air . Walford tells us in his very striking resume

of the history of briefs that the earliest Royal brief he has discovered is one of 1206 , which King John issued , ( about the only good thing he is known to have done ) , to collect alms for the redemption of Christian captives , a "patent of alms , " and protection to the "refugees of St . Thomas of Acre . " Air . Walford says the earliest church brief which he has met with is one of 1247 , from William ,

Bishop of Sabina , in the fourth year of Pope Innocent IV ., soliciting the alms of the faithful in favour of the Hospital of St . John the Evangelist , at Cambridge , which brief was circulated abroad as well as in England . In 1303 a grant of a patent of alms was made to the Prior of the Church of Holy Trinity , Dublin , to collect alms for repairing the church . On the 14 th May the same year a Royal licence was

granted to the Prior and Canons of the Holy Trinity to send Bro . Henry de Cork , one of their Canons , through the kingdom to collect alms for repairing their Church and Priory . If Mr . Cornelius Walford would give us the reference to this patent , we think it would be well to publish it in its exact verbiage , as it may throw light on the work and labours of the Operative Gilds . We all of us

remember the old " Queen's letter , " now some time abolished , justly , we thnk ; and most curious have been the uses and purposes to which "brieves" have been turned . On one point we cannot agree with Mr . Walford . In Yorkshire and Lancaster yet linger the "Dead Briefs , " which have to do with the funerals of the working classes . Air . Walford condemns them . We , from long

acquaintance with them , cannot conscientiously do so . The expenses of the humblest funerals constitute a severe tax on the resources of the labouring man , whose weekly wages are all forestalled ; and all that the dead briefs do in Yorkshire , the only one with which we are acquainted , is to find a certain sum to enable the working man ' 0 defray the expense of a funeral without having to

borrow money to do so . That they may be a little abused , m the tendency to spend all they receive in entertaining their friends and neighbours is true , but the abuse does not take away the real use . And surely the working Masses of this country , who are essentially reverential of old usages , are to be commended in their earnest desire to

pay proper respect to their dead relatives and children . We were ourselves a member of a "dead brief" for many years , and were always glad to keep up what we venture 'o think ( with all deference to Air . Walford ) , merely for the purpose of helping our humbler friends , a good usage and a useful association .

TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCH / EOLOGY . Vol . VII . Part III . . ' his is a most valuable resume of the interesting and important labours of a most useful society , of which our esteemed Bro . VV . H . Rylands is the able and esteemed secretary . The various subjects handled and the special

i ?" M- lptlons e ! i P'a'ne " « all have deep and lasting interest for "lulical and Egyptological scholars ; and as we hail this volume with pleasure , and have perused itwith much gratification , so we mention its appearance to many of our th if" " ' '' ourse , v , cs > have realised the light which e history of the great Aryan nations must throw , when carefull y studied , when honestly surveyed , alike on Biblical nistory and Alasonic archccology .

Reviews

TRANSACTIONS OF THE CUAIBERLAND AND WESTAIORLAND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY . Part I ., Vol . VI . This volume , edited by R . Ferguson , Esq ., F . S . A .. like the preceding ones , fully maintains the high character of

the published transactions of this useful and important society , lt is full of information for the archaeologist and antiquary , the lovers of heraldic curiosities , the searchers after the Roman and Runic remains , and will , in every sense , repay study and reward perusal . VVe have read it ourselves with -Treat attention and nleasure .

Masonic Notes And Queries.

Masonic Notes and Queries .

10 ] CHAP BOOKS . I came across , the other day , a curious little chap book , called the " Poetic Aluseum , " published at Warrington about 17 S 0 , and , it seems , there are many published at Manchester , Liverpool , Congleton , Preston , Warrington ,

Glasgow , and Edinburgh of that date . We have also seen a Alasonic chap book , of Glasgow , though somewhat later , termed the " Alasonic Word ; " and I shall be glad to know if any of my brethren have in their possession , or know of , Alasonic chap books of the present or last century . "Burn ' s Farewell " is often found . AIASONIC BOOK COLLECTOR .

n ] GODFREY OF V 1 TERBO . Can any of your readers tell me anything of -the " Pantheon , " a Universal Chronicle of Godfrey of Viterbo , AIS . Reg . 14 , xi ., British , Aluseum ? ls anything like a Masonic legend there ? ¦ — M . S .

12 J GERAIAN BAUHUTTEN . 1 am heartily glad to welcome a new contributor to your columns ( we can ' t have too many and at present have far too few ) , but must nevertheless indulge in a little criticism of his communications S and 9 . Bauhiitten still exist inCologne , Ulm , and elsewhere , true ; but are they the same thing as formerly ? I am afraid not . Four years ago I spent a couple of months at Cologne and made some enquiries , and

convinced myself that although they still retain the time honoured name of Bauhiitten , or lodges , they are only simple workshops . The Alaster is no longer the companion of the Fellows ; he is a contractor under the orders of the architect , superior to tbem in rank , wealth , education , S-o , but probably infinitely beneath them in technical skill . He is , in fact , an employer of labour , a manufacturer of carved stone work , and has possibly never handled a chisel in his

life . And what has become of his right to administer conjointly with his Fellows internal justice ? It has disappearedlikeHans Breitmann's Lager Bier ; indie Ewigkeit . Let us take the following articles Irom the Torgau ( 1462 ) Ordinances : 39 . And a Alaster may hold a general court in his lodge over his own Fellows , and he shall judge righteously by his oath , and not of hatred , or of friendship , or of enmity .

42 . And he shall every quarter day hold a hearing of lords ( i . e . his employers ) and Craftsmen , whether any offence were , whether they have wasted their time , lived riotously , gamed or otherwise acted disorderly , whence harm might come to Wardens or Alasters : that shall they make known to the Alaster that he may punish therefor as is meet , & c . And in article eleven the lodge is to be kept " pure

and undefiled as the seat of justice . " 1 think " J . XV . B . " will agree with me that of all this no trace remains . "J . VV . B . " further states that the Steinmetzen and thc Steinhauer are identical , and refers you to Heimsch as proving that their meetings did not take place in the lodge but in the house of call , and were presided over not by the Master but by a Fellow Craftsman . I am read y to grant that the two trades are now identical , and their usages

similar , but wish to point out that this was not formerly the case . As you have promised us a translation of Heimsch in the " Alasonic Monthly , " your readers will be able to convince themselves that these two crafts were formerly not only separate , but rivals , and even inimical . But Heimsch treats almost entirely of the Steinhauer , and as regards them "J . VV . B . " is right . Their meetings were held in the inn , and presided over by journeymen . The

fraternity itself was composed solely of such ; the Alaster retired from it on becoming Alaster , and joined the Alasters ' Gild . But with the stonemasons ( Steinmetzen ) it was different . The fraternity comprised all ranks , and the presiding officers were the Alasters . A glance at any of Constitutions—1459 , 14 C 2 , or 1563—will prove this ; and the articles quoted above are sufficient to show that the Alaster not only presided , but that he had the right to

invite the attendance of his employers , and that the meetings were held in thelodge itself . " J . W . B . " states that after being declared free of his trade , the apprentice was called brother ; and again refers to Heimsch . Now , unfortunately , although the societies of journeymen were undoubtedly called brotherhoods , the word brother is only once employed , either in the documents given by Heimsch , or in either of the Constitutions already cited . The Fellow is

always addressed as " Worthy Fellow " ( ehrbarer Gesell ) , never as brother . He concludes note 8 by the remark that Freemasonry has been grafted on the old trunk of operative Alasonry . If by operatives he means medi .-cval English builders , well and good ; few will now-a-days be found to deny this assertion , but if he alludes to the " Steinmetzen " I am unable to agree with him . My reasons , however , would be too

lengthy for a simple note . His letter on " Grand Alasters" ( No . 9 ) will , however , show one small difficulty . He admits that Freemasonry had none before 1717 ; but the "Steinmetzen" undoubtedly possessed one under thc title of " Oberster Meister " ( Over Master ) from 1459101707 , in the person of the Alaster of the Strassburg Lodge . In 1707 his authority was no longer acknowledged by

the State , but it was submitted to by at least one German lodge , that of Kochlitz , as late as 1725 , and probably as late as 17 G 0 , when Strassburg still claimed the tribute , although we do not know if successfully or not . If Freemasonry was derived from the " Steinmetzen ( there can scarcely be a doubt that it existed as a speculative branch in 1 C 46 , when Elias Ashmole was initiated at Warrington ) , why did we wait till 1717 before adopting tbe Steinmetz institution of a Grand Alaster ? G . WM . SPETH .

Masonic Notes And Queries.

13 ] RABBI LEON JAC JEHUDAH . It has been suggested to me by an esteemed brother student that I should make this matter a little more plain , as great doubt exists as to who this person really was . His name is not easily found , nor are his works traceable . Dermott calls him the learned Rabbi , architect , and Bro . Jacob Jehudah Leon , and declares that he exhibited a model of

the Temple , under a patent signed Killegrew , in the reign of King Charles 11 ., and that he ( Dermott ) had seen this model , and an account of the Temple by the Rabbi Leon dedicated to that king . Dermott is to a certain extent confirmed by a MS . history of Wells Cathedral , by Peter Chyle , secretary to Bishop Mew , just about 200 years ago , who mentions " a figure of the

Temple of Jerusalem , described in the preface to the Polyglott Bible ; " and also , "that model of Solomon ' s Temple , composed by Rabbi Leon , a Jew of the Hebrew nation , which has been , and still is , common to be scene in London ; and if we may believe their papers and report was seven years in contriving , making , finishing , doubtless very exact , and worth any inquisitive person ' s view and

contemplation . " This Rabbi Leon , in the preface to thc English Picart , is called the learned Rabbi Leone of Alodena , and is credited with the Jewish antiquities in GafTarelli ' s "Curiosites Inouies . " We are told that he wrote four treatises on the Tabernacle of Aloses , —two in Spanish , one in Dutch , and one in English , —from 1 C 53 to 1 O 75 , but we find so far no account of any work by him on the Temple , except the one Dermott alludes to

, but which has not yet been verified . In 1725 a book was published in London , called " The Temple of Solomon , " & c . j as also " The Tabernacle of Aloses ; " and at the same time a model of the Temple was shown in London , of which the proprietor was a Chevalier Gumprecht , and the designer a Counsellor Schott , of Hamburgh , with the assistance and advice

of the famous architect Erasmus , and other architects and learned men , " Gnevius , Fabricius , Stumius , & c . It may , therefore , be a question whether this is not the model which Dermott saw , and whether the account of the Tabernacle and of the Temple , ( of which the illustrations were ori ginally Dutch , ) may not have been thc works alluded to by the Rabbi Leon , translated one

hundred years earlier . The account of thc Tabernacle is dated 1724 . But what then about the patent to exhibit the model signed Killegrew , and the account of the Temple dedicated to king Charles II ? The dedication of this translated or original work about the Temple in 1725 is to the " benevolent reader . " Certain questions arise . What has become of Leon ' s model of the 'Temple ? Had he

a patent to exhibit it ? Is there any trace of such patent in the Patent Office signed Killegrew ? Or is this model thc same as Chevalier Gumprecht ' s , or are they two models ? and was Dermott in error in saying he saw Leon ' s model when he saw Gumprecht ' s ? And where is the account of the Temple dedicated to iKng Charles II . ? It has been always stated that King Charles II . was a Freemason .

Does anything turn upon this fact of Leon , who , as Dermott says , certainly was also a Freemason , and the possessor of the coat of arms impaled , which we now use in our English Grand Lodge ? I may add that a learned friend of mine has a panel with the same arms , carefully coloured , which came , curiously enough , from St . Albans , certainl y of 17 th century work . So that I hope your "benevolent readers " will also see that there are some curious points in this long-winded note . AIASONIC STUDENT .

Banquet To The Lord Mayor By The Alliance Lodge, No. 1827.

BANQUET TO THE LORD MAYOR BY THE ALLIANCE LODGE , No . 1827 .

'This flourishing lodge , which numbers among its members many of the officials of the Lord Mayors Court at Guildhall , has on several occasions distinguished itself by thc most generous hospitality , and it was a happy thought to

invite the Junior Grand Warden of the year , the Lord Alayor , to a banquet at the Guildhall Tavern , on the evening of the ball given by thc Lord Alayor to the Mayors of England . The associations of the Alliance Lodge , and the time and place , were all most fitting , and the result a most successful gathering . An emergency meeting was called for four o ' clock , at

which hour there was a Targe muster of the brethren and visitors , the latter of whom included in their number many of the most prominent members of Grand Lodge . The Chair was occupied bv the Worshipful Alaster of the lodge , Bro . FRANK GREEN , C . C , who was supported by Bros . L . V . Littell , I . P . AL ; H . VV . Writrht .

S . W . ; G . W . Brown , J . W . ; R . J . Pawley , Registrar of . the Lord Alayor ' s Court , Treas . ; J . E . Turner , P . AL : Sec ; C VV . Bowley , S . D . ; VV . H . Parnell , D . C ; E . Garnet Alien , I . G . ; F . A . Jewson , Org . ; J . Perkins and H . Squire , Stewards ; Sir J . Alonckton , 'Town Clerk , P . AI . ; G . N . Johnson , P . AL ; Col . Shadwell H . Clerke ,

orana sec . ; ftlaior 1 . Davies Sewell , P . G . Stewd . ; VV . N . Wild , E . C . F . Fitch , H . H . Cooper , J . P . Godfrey , J . C . Whiddington , Pearse Alorrison , Capt . N . J . Philips , P . G . D . ; Horace Jones , City Architect , Grand Supt . of Wks . ; VV . II . Cannon , B . Emanuel , B . Alonce , FrankS . lackson . Denutv Kcm ' strar nf thn I . nr < l

Alayor ' s Court ; and others . Alany distinguished brethren were invited to meet the Lord Alayor on the occasion , amongst whom were Bros . R . H . Giddy , D . G . AI . Griqualand ; R . G . Harrison , Q . C , P . M ., G . D . ; Rev . C VV . Arnold , P . G . C ; [ . A . Rucker . P . G . D .: Fran ! - Ki < -h :. r <* sr , r , P r . II .

} yZ 1 ' Howe , P . G . Pursuivant ; Peter de Lande Long , P . G . D . ; Sir Albert C Woods , ( Garterl G . D . C . ; rhomas Fenn , P . G . D . ; John Alessant , G . S . B . ; Alderman and Sheriff Hanson , Alderman Staples , Grand Master ' s Lodge , No . 1 ; VV . II . R . Skey , 0 97 ; S . Green , P . M ., ' 4 + 5 ; Arnold Birch , 129 S ; Hon . Mark F . Napier , 16 5 ; J . B . Glen , 3 ; W . J . Crump , -jS ; W . Alonckton . ioGt

G . Drysdale , W . AL , 222 ; F . Lane , S . W ., 7 SS ; E . Culver , S . W ., G 3 ; Deputy Edmeston , J . W . 1 O 35 ; VV . II . White , 55 ; E . Alasscy , P . AL , 1297 ; E . F . Baylis , S . W ., 259 ' J- M . Durand , 4 C ; Kenneth R . Alontgomery , 255 ; A . C Lewis , 457 ; Capt . Bedford Pirn , P . M ., 77 ; Alaior L . G . Dundas , W . M ., 570 ; T . A . Logan , S . D ., 91 ; Herbert j . Adams , P . AL , 509 ; S . P . Norris , P . AL , 21 , P . G . S ; . W . J . ColIcns ,-J . W ., 76 G ; Gcngc Evans , 1 S 70 ; L