Original Correspondence.

and has received a formal and explict recognition from our own I ' nited Grand Lodge . In the midst of very grave and arduous duties , it was to me a very pleasing relaxation to come back to Masonry and attend the first meeting of the Grand Lodge of Egypt , after the recent troubles . 1 wasgladtoseetheexcellentimpression

made on Egyptian Masons by H . R . H . the Dukeof Connaught ; although , I must confess , I should rather have seen him invested as P . G . M . instead of G . W ., and the more so as the King of the Sandwich Islands received the former honour when in this country . Everything , hoivever , went off with unmarred success ; and

I think the proposal to build a memorial Masonic Hall may commend itself to brethren far beyond the boundaries of Egypt and the jurisdiction of its Grand Lodge . 1 am informed that a portion of the building is to be devoted to a museum , set apart for the reception of relics throwing light on the earliest days of Masonic history . The Egyptian brethren have passed through a trying crisis , but they are

all determined to put forth every exertion to support the proposal of their worthy and zealous G . M . The Duke of Connaught has subscribed £ 10 10 s ., and headed the list . Will any other English brethren help in this interesting work ? M . W . Bro . Borg , H . B . M . ' s . Vice-Consul , will gladly receive any contributions to it . I am , yours very fraternally , A . M . BROADLEY , P . D . D . G . M ., Malta , and P . D . G . M . M ., Cairo , Oct . 30 th . of the Mediterranean .

SIMPLE SAXON . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — I remember reading , as a boy , in one of Captain Marryatt ' s sea tales , of a party of sailors stranded on the French coast , and ot an Irishman who , on account of his

intimate knowledge of French , volunteered to borrow a frying pan of a p easant . " Parley vous Francais ? " " Oui , monsieur . " '' Thin , will ye lend me the loan of a frying-pan . " Paddy ' s French failed somehow to fetch the Frenchman In your account of the proceedings of the Trinity College

Lodge , No . 1765 , I find that Bro . Bonavia-Hunt is thus reported : " He would only say , in'Simple Saxon , ' Worshipful Master , deign to receive this token of our warmes ' regards—this tribute of our fraternal affection . " Allow me to point out that the following words—deign , receive , regards , tribute , fraternal , and affection are not

Saxon at all , but derived through the French ; and as Bro . Bonavia-Hunt's literary merits are well known , I cannot help attributing the mistake to your reporter . The phrase in pure Saxon would not sound so nice . I presume the nearest approach to it would be " Worshipful Master , be willing to take this token of our warmest feelings—this offering of our brotherly love . "

I shall probably be told that offering is derived from the Latin ob and fero ; nevertheless , we have in German , opfer , an offering . Master may be equally derived from the Latin magister , through the French mcistre , or the German meister . As a matter of curiosity , can any brother give the phrase in pure Saxon and under a better form ? Fraternally yours , T . WM . SPETH .

MR . BRADLAUGH . To the Editor of the "Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , Would you kindly inform me if Mr . Bradlaugh , M . P ., is a Mason , and if it is not irregular and against the Book of Constitutions for atheists to be admitted into the Fraternity ? I am , dear Sir and Brother , yours fraternally ,

PUZZLED . [ Mr . Bradlaugh was originally initiated , it seems , in the Lodge Philadelphes , at Paris . He afterwards joined an English lodge . When H . R . H . the Prince of Wales became Grand Master he returned his Grand Lodge certificate . He is not now receivable in any Anglo-Saxon lodge , and the only wonder is that he ever was admitted into English Masonry at all . English Freemasonry openly rejects and sternly repudiates all atheists . —ED . F . M . ' ]

Reviews.

REVIEWS .

CHESHIRE AND LANCASHIRE FUNERAL CERTIFICATES , A . D . 160010167 s . Edited by J PAUL RYLANDS , F . S . A . This is the sixth volume of the " Record Society for Publication of Original Documents relating to Lancashire and Cheseire , " and it is one of th . se very useful works of reference which , requiring and demanding much minute

attention and serious labour , are invaluable to the student of the Past , as also for the genealogist and heraldist . It seems that , in 1568 , Thomas , Duke of Norfolk , then Earl Marshal , made an order "thaleverie King-of-Armes , heraulde , pr pursuivante , that shall serve at any funerall , shall bring ¦ nto the librarie , or office of armes , a true and certaine

certificate , " & c , & c . Very few , however , of these documents , it is said , remain ; but among the Lansdowne and Harleian MSS ., British Museum , two documents are found , almost identical , namely Lansdowne , S 7 g , and Harleian , 2 p 4 i , signed respectively , in 1 G 00 , by Wm . Segar Norroy , King-« f-Arms , and , in 1606 , by R . St . George Norroy , King-of-Arms , appointing Handle Holme , of the city of Chester , 'heir Deputy . This fact is very interesting to Masonic

Reviews.

students , as Bro . W . H . Rylands , brother to the editor of this very interesting volume , has shown conclusively the connection of Randle Holme with Freemasonry at Chester and the Harleian MS 2054 , and in these very certiliates are to be found the names of members of the families whose namesakes formed part of the Chester Lodge before and about 1660 . The register was begun , it seems , for the

counties of Cheshire , Lancashire , and North Wales by the Herald St . George , in 1606 , May 2 Sth , and was continued by Randle Holme to 1 C 56 . We obtain here perhaps the most accurate testimony as to the history and genealogies of theold county families and the persons named therein " seriatim ;" and we have to thank Mr . J . P . Rylands for the faithful , and yet modest , manner in which he has discharged his editorial

duties , as well as for the volume itself , which is , we venture to think , a very valuable contribution to family history in the important counties to which it refers . Such a volume proves the importance of similar societies , as thus many valuable works are published from time to time which either remain in contemptuous solitude or useless and forgotten on the dusty shelves of our great libraries .

HISTORY OF THE LODGE OF ANTIOUITY , No . 146 , BOLTON . By Bro . J AMES NEWTON ' , P . M . Thomas Morris , Oxford-street , Bolton . To Bro . Newton we are already indebted for several very valuable contributions to Masonic archaeology and lodge history , which have been noticed previously in our pages . To-day we have to thank him for the full and clear

account he gives us of the Lodge of Antiquity , No . 146 , Bolton . It is true , no doubt , that the lodge life of No . 146 , is comparatively modern , and has not much perhaps that is striking in it , to commend it to the special notice of Masonic Dryasdusts . Its beginings point back to 177 G , when it was warranted to meet at Leigh . From 1776 to 17 S 6 the minute books are ' unfortunately missing , having

got improperly into strange hands , through neglect of duty of the W . M ., as very often happens , and the real continuous minutes begin from 1786 , when the lodge removed to Bolton , and go on to the present time . There were twenty-four rules in force in 1786 , which are curious , as showing that the old custom , ( no doubt operative in its origin ) , of cloathing the lodge ( rule nine ) , that is presenting

the members with white gloves and aprons was still in use , though there are traces of its falling into gradual abeyance by the words "if required . " Rule twentyfour is also noteworthy as forbidding the reception of any visiting brother who is not a M . M . Such a law , which sounds harsh and arbitrary to us , may perhaps be accounted for by a fact which has hitherto not

been sufficieutl y noted , that , curiously enough , in direct contradiction with modern practice , much of the more important business of the lodge in earlier days was transacted in the Third Degree . From 1786 the history of the lodge is the wonted history of an English country or town lodge , but the records of No . 146 are valuable as containining so clear a list of names , and they appear to have

been fairly well kept . One fact strikes all Masonic students and readers of old minute books , —the utter carelessness of the scribes in those days . Many matters are left in absolute darkness about which we want more light ; many entries are marvellously short which ought to be lengthy ; and many subjects are omitted altogether about which we should like to know something . And then , as

for the books themselves , they are "here , there , and everywhere . " It is a marvel if a lodge has a chest to hold its books , and a still greater one if any brother knows what are the contents of the chest , when it does exist . Condemned as useless lumber , it is generally stowed away in some little room or convenient garret , and these numerous deposits of Masonic archives still continue in dust and dirt ,

sometimes reduced to pulp by blackbeetles , sometimes nibbled away by industrious and hungry mice . This is a positive fact , " teste me ipsum . " Happy is the lodge which possesses a brother like James Newton , not ashamed of the records of his " Old Antquity , " and able , above all , to make a proper use of such documents , one and all , and not above communicating-his valuable discoveries to brother students and the Masonic public .

THE PHILOSOPHY OF WAR . By J AMES RAM . E . T . Davey , 5 S , Ludgate-hill , ( Boy-court ) . This is a little work which deserves more thought and space than we can give it on the present occasion , and so we propose next week or the week after , to give a due notice of this thoughtful little outcome of martial philosophy . Wc must only content ourselves to-day with noting its appearance in a shilling edition .

TRIUNGHIUL . Bucuresci . This is the " Triangle , " Bucharest , the official organ of the Roumanian Freemasonry . It contains as an illustration the likeness of CM . Moroiu , 33 ° , Grand Master , Commander ot Roumanian Freemasonry .

IL BOLETIN MASONICO . This is also the official organ of Mexican Freemasonry , as we understand , of which Emilio G . Canton is the proprietor and director . Of Mexican Freemasonry little at present seems known , and that little is shrouded in obscurity . We should be glad to know something more of its actual status and legal position . ¦ — ¦

Masonic Notes Queries.

Masonic Notes Queries .

72 ] FRENCH MASONIC TERMINOLOGY . It has often been assumed that as all French Speculative Freemasonry is apparently derived from the English Grand Lodge of 1717 , therefore , all the French words in use Masonically are also derived from English equivalents . Thus , for instance , the French word " Louveteau " has been held to be derived from the English " Lewis . " But in this , as

in other matters , it is clear that the subject has not been carefully studied . Lewis , in English , is taken from the actual operative " Lewis , " and Louveteau , in French , is derived from Louveteau or Louve equally a French operative technical term . Louve , in French , answers what we term the " Lewis , " and Louveteaux are the two iron margins or borders which cover the "Lewis" or "Louve" in the stone . This is clearly shown in Felibien ' s " Principes dc'L'Architecture , " 2 nd edition , Paris , 1690 , where , at

Masonic Notes Queries.

memory of "Louveteaux" seems to have passed away from French Masonic writers . I believe that I am the first person who has ever given this explanation , though Filibicn's excellent work could scarcely be unknown . Bro . Gnuld alludes to the snbject in his admirable work , though when he wrote he had not seen Felibien's book . It is no doubt true

page 79 , he gives us an illustration of the " Louve " and the "Louveteaux . " I may observe here , there is something very odd to me in the early history ot French Freemasonry . Just as in Germany with the iiteinmetzen , so with the Compagnonage in France , the old Societies were utterly ignored , and there is no trace of any connexion with , or of any knowledge by the new of the old . Even the very

that "Louve" is an equivalent for , and a translation of , our " Lewis , " and , therefore , may have been taken as a derivation . In early times the French Freemasons were so dubious as to the word , that thay called it indifferently " Louffton , " " Lufton , " " Louveton , " " Lowton , " and even "Louveteau , " "Louveton . " There is an idea that " Lewis " comes from Louis XIV ., but I am not aware of

any safe authority for such a derivation . The French never used the word "Lewis , " nor " Levis , " as Mackay thinks , but only "Louve . " Bro . Gould has touched upon the point incidentally in his striking "History of theCompagnonage , " as to the " Louveteau " and the " Loup Garou , '' or werewolf . We also hear of the technical name of the " Loups " and the " Devorans , " & c , among secret societies . We may

have then in these usages some trace of an earlier meaning ; but in 169 S "Louve" and "Louveteau" were technical terms of the French Operative Masons . Felibien tells 11 s , and it is interesting to note his words , since our English Freemasonry , in its terms and uiages , came from Norman French ; that formerly the workmen who worked under an architect ( page 71 ) were termed "Macons : "

but that there were also " Tailleurs de Pierre " ( stone cutters ) , which the "Appareilleurs" ( those who traced out the stones and marked them ) gave them to work upon . He also adds that in great establishments ( ateliers ) besides the "Macons " and "Tailleursde Pierre " and the " Appareilleurs , " there were also the " Poseurs ; " those who placed or set the stones ; the " Halbardiers , "

those who bore a sort of pole to move the stones from the trucks ; the " Bardeurs , " those who drew the stones on the trucks ; the " Gouiars , " those who carried mortar in the hods ; the " Piqeurs , " a sort of "Clerk of the Works ; " the "Chasse-avant , " who directed the carriage of materials ; and the " Louveurs , " those who prepared the stones for the " Louve " or " Lewis . " Felibien's work is a most interesting one , and he is the writer also of some biographies of architects . MASONIC STUDENT .

73 ] MAURER GESELLEN . Does Bro . Speth know anything of a work published in Hamburgh in lSCS , and written by Dr . J . E . Marlow ? It professes to give an account of the ceremonial of certain speculative " Maurer Bruderschaften , " but appears to mc to be a burlesque . It is at his service . MASONIC STUDENT .

74 J . LEWIS . Can any one tell me when this word first appears in any technical work of operative Masonry in England ?

M . S . 75 \ USE OF THE WORD "LOGE . " Is it quite clear that " loge " as asonic Student often says , was only applied to the Vlacons , or Macons ? I apprehend that in French it is sometime applied to other bodies . For instance , " Lacroix " tells us that the house or place of assembly of the Heralds was called " La Loge des Herauts d'Armes , " in an illuminated MS . of the fifteenth century . Can other examples be adduced .

ANTIQUARY . 76 ] THE ILLUMINATE it would seem as if , in the fourteenth century , the disciples and followers of Raymond Lully gave themselves the title of an " Illuminati . ' Some writers have said that they were the precursors of the Fratres Rosea ; Crucis . ROSA CRUCIS .

Provincial Grand Chapter Of West Yorkshire.

PROVINCIAL GRAND CHAPTER OF WEST YORKSHIRE .

A meeting of this Prov . Grand Chapter was held , in the Masonic Hall , Great George-street , Leeds , on the Sth inst ., under the banners of Chapters Fidelity , 2 S 9 ; Philanthropic , 304 ; and Alfred , 306 ; when there were present M . E . Comps . Lieut .-Col . Sir Henry Edwards . Bart .. P . Z n .

Prov . G . Supt . ; Ensor Drury , P . Z . no , P . P . G . H as Prov . G . H ; Thos . W Tew , ^ Z . , P ^ . G . H . ; C . * L . Mason , P . Z . 304 , P . P . G . H . ; Wm . Harrop , P . Z . - > QO Prov . G . J . ; T . Hill , P . Z . 302 , P . P . G . J . ; W . W . W ? d-? ° f * p ., ; , ' S * 5 G J- ; , saac Booth > p - - 61 , P . P . G . I . ; John D Kay , P . Z . 2 S 9 , P . P . G . J . ; Allen Jackson , P . Z 521 , P . P . G . J . ; __Henry Smith , P . Z . 3 S 7 , Prov . GS . E . ¦

: John Gaunt , P . / .. 302 , Prov . G . S . N . ; James France , P . Z . - ° ?> P-P-G-S . N , ; John Marshall , ' P . Z . . 283 , Provf G ? L V , | - ' ' r > % ¦ rcc , n , "> P-Z - 306 , P . P . G . Prin . Soj . ; W . Schofield , P . Z . 290 , P . P . G . Prin . Soj . ; Henry W . Maleham , P . Z . 206 , P . P . G . , st Asst . Soj ., as Prov . G . ist Asst . S"W ChaHes Dmsdale , P . Z . 265 , Prov . G . 2 nd Asst . boj . ; William James Beck , P . Z . 2 S 9 , P . P . G Asst Soj . ; Thomas Ruddock , P . Z . 271 . P . P . G . A « K <;„; !

Samuel Slack , P . Z . 495 , p . p . ci . Asst . Soj . ; I . w ' . Monckman , P . Z . 600 , P . P . G . Asst . Soj . ; James HenrO Grat , „ n , P Z . 1513 , Prov . G . Treas . ; Joseph W * imvright , P-fr ^ ° S . Prov - ^ - Registrar ; Jonas Craven , P . Z . I 75 1 \ P'G ^ ^; , - l 3 - ; AlderS 0 n > P ' - ' 54 . H . P . G . Reg ? John C Malcolm P Z 304 , P . P . G . Reg . ; Samuel Stead I . Z . 2 S 9 , Prov . C . Swd . Br . ; Joseph C . Wharton , P . z ! 258 , Prov . G . btd . Br . ; Thomas Gibson . P . Z . 280 . P ™

G . Uir . of Cer . ; John Wordsworth , P . Z . IOIO , P . P . G D , r . of Cer . ; VV . F . Smithson , P . Z . 2 S 9 , P . P . G . Dir . of Cer . ; John R . Dorc , P . Z . 275 , P . P . G . Dir . of Cer . ; Joseph L . Oates , P . Z . -0 4 , P . P . G . Dir . of Cer . ; Max Blume , 304 , as Prov . G . Orsr .: Simeon Haves . P . Z ,, „

Prov . G . Stwd . ; William Skinner , P . Z . 296 , Prov . G . StwH .-Reuben Williamson , P . Z . 521 , Prov . G Stwd •T „ l , ~ Barker , P . Z . 25 S KP . G . Du-. ' of Cer ^ as Prov G . ' Slid " Joshua Lee , P . Z . 290 , Prov . G . Janitor . ; and Actinrr Principals , Past First Principals , and Companions of Chapters 61 , 139 , 154 , 20 S . . 2 42 , 258 , 265 , 275 , 289 , 290 , 296