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Article AMUSING EPISODES IN "ANCIENT" HISTORY. ← Page 2 of 3 Article AMUSING EPISODES IN "ANCIENT" HISTORY. Page 2 of 3 Ad Untitled Page 1 of 1
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Amusing Episodes In "Ancient" History.
made certain arrangements in respect of Petitions for Warrants or Dispensations which were forwarded to the Grand Secretary , when that ollicer rose and " humbly beged that the Lodge wou'd please to appoint some certain person lo deliver the Summonses for the future , that he the said Secretary was under the necessity of delivering or paying for the delivery of them for several months past , in fact , ever since he was install'd and vdiich servitude was exceeding troublesome as he was oblidged to work twelve
hours in the day for the Master Painter who e . nploy'd him . " On biin ^ asked why the Pursuivant and T yler did not deliver the summonses , Bro . Dermott said they refused to do so " unlill they were first paid for service done during the time Mr . John Megan was G . Secretary and that the Fund being closed it was in vain to mention . Yet he was resolved that no part of the business should be neglected whilst he was Able to forward or promote it . " Arrangements were accordingly made by which the S . cretary was relieved of the duties he had found so irksome . It was also at the
same meetirg that the W . M . in the chair " lhank'd the G . S . for the last new song which he composed and hop id that the applause of his Brethren wou'd induce Bror . Dermott G . S . to compose another against the next St . John ' s day , which the G . S . promised to attempt . " At the meeting of , G . Lodge on the 2 nd June , 175 6 , a question which much exercised the minds of the brethren—the purchase of candlesticks for
use in G . Lodge—having been settled in favour of purchase by 27 votes to 1 ( 1 , a further motion as to whether they should be paid for out of the Grand Fund or by private subscriptions was considered , and this , we are told , " produced many debates which grew so warm that some were for repealing the first motion and declaring against purchasing any candlesticks . " However , the G . Secretary presented himself with a view to allaying the strife of words , and having obtained an audience , " told the R . W . G .
Master and Brethren that he wou'd propose a scheme by which they would he enabled to purchase ( even silver ) candlesticks without drawing anything out of the Gtand Fund nor any contribution from the Lodges ; " and on being asked to produce his scheme , he at once suggested that in future one guinea should be paid for every wairant of constitution . It was at once agreed that this sum , in addition to the Secretary ' s fees , should be paid , and Dermott nceived a vote of thanks and was intreated "to continue in the study of lhe Interest and honour of the Antient Craft . "
I he memorable scene in Grand Lodge on the 2 nd March , 1757 , when Dermott was railed upon to answer sundry malicious charges brought against him by " John Hamilton , an excluded Mason , " is another incident , that deserves to be mentioned in this article . The subject is serious enough in all conscience , but we can hardly avoid smiling at the mock-silemnity with which the occurrence is described , Hamilton declaring that the
complaints formerly laid against him were groundless and had been' devised by the cunning and wickedness of an impostor , Mr . Lau . Dermott , the Secretaiy , who had imposed on the whole of the Craft , and who , though he affirmed he had been " Regularly made in Ireland , " was only " a clandestine Mason made by James Hagan and others , at a house in Long Acre some years b fore , '' and that his whole Drift was to humbug the Society until
they had accumulated a large sum of money and then rob them , —Dermott appealing to the Book of Constitutions and the Grand Masler in the chair ( Deputy G . M . Halfordj formally proclaiming " as the law of Masons has decrtid so shall a'l things here be done ; "—all this with the utter absence of proof from Hamilton , and the elaborate defence by Dermott , inclines one to think , or at all events , suggests the idea that Dermott must have heard of
Hamilton ' s intended attack and organised the whole thing in order to strengthen , his position and give him still greater , influence with the brethren than he already possessed . However , the record is not without its beneficial results . Firstly , Bro . Thomss Allen , P . M . No . 2 , rose and declared that to his knowledge Dermott had faithfully sei ved . dl the offices ' •in a very Reputable Lodge held in his ( Allen ' s ) house in the City of Dubl i \ " before
coming to England , and that he had never heaid either in or out of the lodge , of any crime being laid to his chaige . Then Bro . Charles Byrne ( Sen . ) , W . M . No . 2 , deposed " that B'O . Lau , Dent ott hiving faithfully teived lhe offices of Senr . and Junr . Deacon , Senr . and Junr . Waiden , 'ird Secretary , was by him Regularly Install'd Master of the good lod ^ e •\' o . 26 . in tte Kirgdum of Ireland , upon the 24 th day of June , 1746 , and itat ; , !! those transactions were prior to Dermott ' s coming to liny land . "
lastly , B o . Dermott produced a certificate ( signed Edwaid Spratt , E ^ q . G . S . ) in e ' er the se * l of the G > and Ledge of Iielaudof his good behaviour and 'uvitude , S . X ., & c , " which gave entire satisfaction . The charges having I een thus proved false and malicious , Hamilton was sentenced , as he unserved , 10 exclusion lor ' . ife from all "ancient" lodges , while : Dertr . ott justl y became a greater power than e \ er in the Counsels of the iraUri ity . The whole lias the appearance of a solemn fa a , but it did good undoubtedly to Dertrott . I sh ^ ll next give an in > tance to show that Bro . Dermott had inoculated some cf his "ancter . t" bctl . re :. with just a suspicion of his own keen
Amusing Episodes In "Ancient" History.
sense of the humorous . On the 5 th December . 1759 , Bro . Goodman , Dep . G . Master , being in the chair , it is recorded in the course of the proceedings that "the Gd Secretary mide a long and labour'd speech against any Victular being chosen Grand Officer , which speech g we great offence to some petsms in the Grand Lodge . " Thereupon " the Secretary own'd that he had treated the subject freely yet he humbly conceiv ed that considering the dignity of the Craft and his duty to the So ; iety I 13 ha J not exceeded the
bounds of Brotherly love and good manners and therefore he humbly moved that the sense of the Grand Lodge might be taken on his present behaviour . " The D . G . M . at once submitted a motion " Whether the Sxy Liu Djrmott for his last speech Merited Applause or Oj ; s : ved Cencure , " and on a division it was resolved in favour of applause by 44 . votes to foir , the D . Grand Master remarking that the division showed there ware •' only 4 publicans in the Room . "
I have once before drawn attention to ths proceeding ; of the Grand Lodge on lhe 271 b December , 1760 , when , after the Earl of Kelly had been proclaimed Grand Master in place of the E trl of B ' esinton , Grand Lodge unanimously ordered that Bro . George Djnovan should " stand Upon the middle table in the Grand Lodge , " and there and then " audiabl y read a certain paper given him for that purpose ; " the paper in qu s ' . ion containing
a vote of thanks to Dermott for his services . Dermott replied in gloiving terms , declaring he was "as happy in his Secretiryship as the Great Pitt was in being Secretary of State . " Lint a still more remarkable instance of the extravagant eulogy bestowed on their Grand Secretary by the " Ancients " will be found in the minutes of lhe 24 th June , 1701 —D . G . M . Osborn being in the chair—when it is recorded lhat the usual toasts hav ng been honoured
— "The Grand Lodge Ordrr'd Bro . George Donovan , Master of No . (> to go up to the Gd . Secretary ' s plica and in the Name of the Grand Lodg ; return the said Gd . Secretary public thanks for his unwearied diligence and emminent services to the Antient Craft in General with h * ve as Master Masons . " Bro . Dermott expostulated with Ihem for their extravagance , printing out that " the No 5 was Irregular , " and Inping " thtt it might b 3 reduced to Three . " But Grand Lodge was not to be denied . A debate a'ose , and it
was resolved that Grand Lodge had a ri ght to toist any eminent brother it chose to honour with any number it pleased . The D . G . M . proposed that the Grand Secretary should be "toasted with the No . of his years , " and it was at once agreed " that Laurence Dermott , Esq ., Grand Secretary , shall be Drunk in form with jo , being now in the 39 th year of his age . " Which was accordingly done—a footnote being added to the record to the effect that the Secretary was in his 41 st year .
But while Dermolt was a model of circumspection in the discharge of his own duties , he was unable to secure that the Grand Ollicers should be equally circumspect in the discharge of theirs . Moreover , about the lim ; I am going to refer to an uneasy feeling must have prevailed among some of the brethren that something was wrong with the moneys of G-and ¦ Lodge . There was no Grand Treasurer in those days , and the funds were in charge
of the D . G . M . and Wardens , each of whom hid a key to the chest in which the cash was kept . At all events , at the meeting at the 1 M ve Bills on the 5 th December , 1764 , a scene occurred which reminds one of the old nursery tale about Old Mother Hubbard , who went to the cupboard to give her poor dog a bone ; but when she got there the cupboird was bare , and so the poor dog had none . On the date mentioned , Dsputy Oiborn , having
paid over £ ¦ } 10 s . interest on the money in the Stocks , inq liry was made a ; to the amount of money in the Chest , and the Secretary nameJ the sum ( close on . £ 28 ) . The majority then insisted on the Chest being opened , and , this having besn done , lo and baholdthe chest was bare , and appa enil / poor Grand Lodge hid nine . On further inquiry , it appeared th ' vt thj Deputy and Wardens had each of them a key , but J . G . W . Gibson had
declined to have anything to do with either keys or cash , so the m it ' . er lav be ' . ween the Deputy Osborn , and S . G . W . Dickey — father of ih : W . Dickey who succeeded Dermott as Grand Secretary , and was subsequently chosen D . G . M . Niither of these brethren was able to account tor the absence of the cash , but the Grand Secretary presented himself an J explained that some time previously Deputy Osborn had entrusted to the la ' e
landlord of the Five Bells a sum of £ 16 odd and had received th * la' . ter ' s promissory note for the same . This note , however , he pliced in the b 3 g containing the cash and handed it altogether to th ; 1 mdlord . He further explained that the bag , money , and note were at the time in the possession of the landlady , Mrs . Windells , widow of tli 2 former landlord . To her accordingly Bro . Osborn at once
descended and demanded restoration of the cash , and the matter having been adjusted as to a sumof ^ 5 paid to a Hospital by Mrs . Windells and an assurance given by Bros . Osborn and Dickey that she should b ? recompensed that amount , Bro . Osborn returned with the cash . Grand Lodg * subsequently declined all responsibility for the £ 5 given without its authority , and not only exonerated Bro . Dicksey from all blame , but even w ^ nt so far as to recommend him for the office of Deputy G . M ., and he was a o 1 : e
Ad03702
THENATIONALTHRIFTSOCIETY 11 us for ils object ihe encouragement nnd promotion of Thrift in various ways , and especially b y holding Meet ings , publishing and circulating Thrift Literal arc . establishing Penny Hunks in connection with the Post Office Savings Hank , and co-operating'with other Institutions for I'l'omotiug the welfare nnd soei-. il improvement vtf the indvtstrv . il vhisses Vhvnnghouv the Country . The . Soe . ie . t y is entirely nnsoetnvian and unpolitical , and its operations are carried on amongst all classes of I lie cjiunimiify . Thrift publications for distribution will be forwarded in subscribers , if desired , or sent direct to any Institution or locality mentioned to the Secretary for that purpose . ' The following are the Subjects dealt with at the Meetings , and in the Publications of the N . T . S . : — ' nHtlr-T IN 1 ) 11 KSS . Till ! I FT I -V . ' Q ^ L'j . - . THI . 'II-T IX H KAI . TH . SAVIXtiS HANKS . ANNUITIES l ' '' ) li lll . l ) AUK . Til K FOOD ItlOFOItM MtlVKMKNT . Til IMF I' IX TIIK IIOUSF ,. TlllilFT JX TIIM WOHKSIIOl ' , TF .. M I'F . UANUF ,. _ yiU ) IN ( i . SOCIKTI F . S . FIIIKXIH . Y A XI ) _ I jjvXF FIT SI ITI K TI US . Til 111 ITJX ^ AM . US KM F . XTS . NATIONAL TlllilFT AXI ) 'I'll llfPTLKSSX KSSTlllilFT IN SAVI . Mi AND TlllilFT IN SI'KNDIXH . Contributions in support of the movement' arc much needed , and will be gratefully received b y I lie Chairman of Committee U ' . GKKVIU . B WAI . POU :, M . A ) , the Viee-Cliairtnan ( Captain TIHIMAS E . OI , AI : KK , . J . P . ) , the Hon . Sec . ( Colonel H . JASPF . II Wiu . i ' . n ) . or the ' ^ 'eretary ( Bro . T . BIIWUKX GIJKKX ) . Cheques should he crossed . Martin ' s Hank , Ltd ., and forwarded to the Head Ollice of the X . T . S ., '< EIXSUURV Outers , Lo . vno . v , E . C .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
Amusing Episodes In "Ancient" History.
made certain arrangements in respect of Petitions for Warrants or Dispensations which were forwarded to the Grand Secretary , when that ollicer rose and " humbly beged that the Lodge wou'd please to appoint some certain person lo deliver the Summonses for the future , that he the said Secretary was under the necessity of delivering or paying for the delivery of them for several months past , in fact , ever since he was install'd and vdiich servitude was exceeding troublesome as he was oblidged to work twelve
hours in the day for the Master Painter who e . nploy'd him . " On biin ^ asked why the Pursuivant and T yler did not deliver the summonses , Bro . Dermott said they refused to do so " unlill they were first paid for service done during the time Mr . John Megan was G . Secretary and that the Fund being closed it was in vain to mention . Yet he was resolved that no part of the business should be neglected whilst he was Able to forward or promote it . " Arrangements were accordingly made by which the S . cretary was relieved of the duties he had found so irksome . It was also at the
same meetirg that the W . M . in the chair " lhank'd the G . S . for the last new song which he composed and hop id that the applause of his Brethren wou'd induce Bror . Dermott G . S . to compose another against the next St . John ' s day , which the G . S . promised to attempt . " At the meeting of , G . Lodge on the 2 nd June , 175 6 , a question which much exercised the minds of the brethren—the purchase of candlesticks for
use in G . Lodge—having been settled in favour of purchase by 27 votes to 1 ( 1 , a further motion as to whether they should be paid for out of the Grand Fund or by private subscriptions was considered , and this , we are told , " produced many debates which grew so warm that some were for repealing the first motion and declaring against purchasing any candlesticks . " However , the G . Secretary presented himself with a view to allaying the strife of words , and having obtained an audience , " told the R . W . G .
Master and Brethren that he wou'd propose a scheme by which they would he enabled to purchase ( even silver ) candlesticks without drawing anything out of the Gtand Fund nor any contribution from the Lodges ; " and on being asked to produce his scheme , he at once suggested that in future one guinea should be paid for every wairant of constitution . It was at once agreed that this sum , in addition to the Secretary ' s fees , should be paid , and Dermott nceived a vote of thanks and was intreated "to continue in the study of lhe Interest and honour of the Antient Craft . "
I he memorable scene in Grand Lodge on the 2 nd March , 1757 , when Dermott was railed upon to answer sundry malicious charges brought against him by " John Hamilton , an excluded Mason , " is another incident , that deserves to be mentioned in this article . The subject is serious enough in all conscience , but we can hardly avoid smiling at the mock-silemnity with which the occurrence is described , Hamilton declaring that the
complaints formerly laid against him were groundless and had been' devised by the cunning and wickedness of an impostor , Mr . Lau . Dermott , the Secretaiy , who had imposed on the whole of the Craft , and who , though he affirmed he had been " Regularly made in Ireland , " was only " a clandestine Mason made by James Hagan and others , at a house in Long Acre some years b fore , '' and that his whole Drift was to humbug the Society until
they had accumulated a large sum of money and then rob them , —Dermott appealing to the Book of Constitutions and the Grand Masler in the chair ( Deputy G . M . Halfordj formally proclaiming " as the law of Masons has decrtid so shall a'l things here be done ; "—all this with the utter absence of proof from Hamilton , and the elaborate defence by Dermott , inclines one to think , or at all events , suggests the idea that Dermott must have heard of
Hamilton ' s intended attack and organised the whole thing in order to strengthen , his position and give him still greater , influence with the brethren than he already possessed . However , the record is not without its beneficial results . Firstly , Bro . Thomss Allen , P . M . No . 2 , rose and declared that to his knowledge Dermott had faithfully sei ved . dl the offices ' •in a very Reputable Lodge held in his ( Allen ' s ) house in the City of Dubl i \ " before
coming to England , and that he had never heaid either in or out of the lodge , of any crime being laid to his chaige . Then Bro . Charles Byrne ( Sen . ) , W . M . No . 2 , deposed " that B'O . Lau , Dent ott hiving faithfully teived lhe offices of Senr . and Junr . Deacon , Senr . and Junr . Waiden , 'ird Secretary , was by him Regularly Install'd Master of the good lod ^ e •\' o . 26 . in tte Kirgdum of Ireland , upon the 24 th day of June , 1746 , and itat ; , !! those transactions were prior to Dermott ' s coming to liny land . "
lastly , B o . Dermott produced a certificate ( signed Edwaid Spratt , E ^ q . G . S . ) in e ' er the se * l of the G > and Ledge of Iielaudof his good behaviour and 'uvitude , S . X ., & c , " which gave entire satisfaction . The charges having I een thus proved false and malicious , Hamilton was sentenced , as he unserved , 10 exclusion lor ' . ife from all "ancient" lodges , while : Dertr . ott justl y became a greater power than e \ er in the Counsels of the iraUri ity . The whole lias the appearance of a solemn fa a , but it did good undoubtedly to Dertrott . I sh ^ ll next give an in > tance to show that Bro . Dermott had inoculated some cf his "ancter . t" bctl . re :. with just a suspicion of his own keen
Amusing Episodes In "Ancient" History.
sense of the humorous . On the 5 th December . 1759 , Bro . Goodman , Dep . G . Master , being in the chair , it is recorded in the course of the proceedings that "the Gd Secretary mide a long and labour'd speech against any Victular being chosen Grand Officer , which speech g we great offence to some petsms in the Grand Lodge . " Thereupon " the Secretary own'd that he had treated the subject freely yet he humbly conceiv ed that considering the dignity of the Craft and his duty to the So ; iety I 13 ha J not exceeded the
bounds of Brotherly love and good manners and therefore he humbly moved that the sense of the Grand Lodge might be taken on his present behaviour . " The D . G . M . at once submitted a motion " Whether the Sxy Liu Djrmott for his last speech Merited Applause or Oj ; s : ved Cencure , " and on a division it was resolved in favour of applause by 44 . votes to foir , the D . Grand Master remarking that the division showed there ware •' only 4 publicans in the Room . "
I have once before drawn attention to ths proceeding ; of the Grand Lodge on lhe 271 b December , 1760 , when , after the Earl of Kelly had been proclaimed Grand Master in place of the E trl of B ' esinton , Grand Lodge unanimously ordered that Bro . George Djnovan should " stand Upon the middle table in the Grand Lodge , " and there and then " audiabl y read a certain paper given him for that purpose ; " the paper in qu s ' . ion containing
a vote of thanks to Dermott for his services . Dermott replied in gloiving terms , declaring he was "as happy in his Secretiryship as the Great Pitt was in being Secretary of State . " Lint a still more remarkable instance of the extravagant eulogy bestowed on their Grand Secretary by the " Ancients " will be found in the minutes of lhe 24 th June , 1701 —D . G . M . Osborn being in the chair—when it is recorded lhat the usual toasts hav ng been honoured
— "The Grand Lodge Ordrr'd Bro . George Donovan , Master of No . (> to go up to the Gd . Secretary ' s plica and in the Name of the Grand Lodg ; return the said Gd . Secretary public thanks for his unwearied diligence and emminent services to the Antient Craft in General with h * ve as Master Masons . " Bro . Dermott expostulated with Ihem for their extravagance , printing out that " the No 5 was Irregular , " and Inping " thtt it might b 3 reduced to Three . " But Grand Lodge was not to be denied . A debate a'ose , and it
was resolved that Grand Lodge had a ri ght to toist any eminent brother it chose to honour with any number it pleased . The D . G . M . proposed that the Grand Secretary should be "toasted with the No . of his years , " and it was at once agreed " that Laurence Dermott , Esq ., Grand Secretary , shall be Drunk in form with jo , being now in the 39 th year of his age . " Which was accordingly done—a footnote being added to the record to the effect that the Secretary was in his 41 st year .
But while Dermolt was a model of circumspection in the discharge of his own duties , he was unable to secure that the Grand Ollicers should be equally circumspect in the discharge of theirs . Moreover , about the lim ; I am going to refer to an uneasy feeling must have prevailed among some of the brethren that something was wrong with the moneys of G-and ¦ Lodge . There was no Grand Treasurer in those days , and the funds were in charge
of the D . G . M . and Wardens , each of whom hid a key to the chest in which the cash was kept . At all events , at the meeting at the 1 M ve Bills on the 5 th December , 1764 , a scene occurred which reminds one of the old nursery tale about Old Mother Hubbard , who went to the cupboard to give her poor dog a bone ; but when she got there the cupboird was bare , and so the poor dog had none . On the date mentioned , Dsputy Oiborn , having
paid over £ ¦ } 10 s . interest on the money in the Stocks , inq liry was made a ; to the amount of money in the Chest , and the Secretary nameJ the sum ( close on . £ 28 ) . The majority then insisted on the Chest being opened , and , this having besn done , lo and baholdthe chest was bare , and appa enil / poor Grand Lodge hid nine . On further inquiry , it appeared th ' vt thj Deputy and Wardens had each of them a key , but J . G . W . Gibson had
declined to have anything to do with either keys or cash , so the m it ' . er lav be ' . ween the Deputy Osborn , and S . G . W . Dickey — father of ih : W . Dickey who succeeded Dermott as Grand Secretary , and was subsequently chosen D . G . M . Niither of these brethren was able to account tor the absence of the cash , but the Grand Secretary presented himself an J explained that some time previously Deputy Osborn had entrusted to the la ' e
landlord of the Five Bells a sum of £ 16 odd and had received th * la' . ter ' s promissory note for the same . This note , however , he pliced in the b 3 g containing the cash and handed it altogether to th ; 1 mdlord . He further explained that the bag , money , and note were at the time in the possession of the landlady , Mrs . Windells , widow of tli 2 former landlord . To her accordingly Bro . Osborn at once
descended and demanded restoration of the cash , and the matter having been adjusted as to a sumof ^ 5 paid to a Hospital by Mrs . Windells and an assurance given by Bros . Osborn and Dickey that she should b ? recompensed that amount , Bro . Osborn returned with the cash . Grand Lodg * subsequently declined all responsibility for the £ 5 given without its authority , and not only exonerated Bro . Dicksey from all blame , but even w ^ nt so far as to recommend him for the office of Deputy G . M ., and he was a o 1 : e
Ad03702
THENATIONALTHRIFTSOCIETY 11 us for ils object ihe encouragement nnd promotion of Thrift in various ways , and especially b y holding Meet ings , publishing and circulating Thrift Literal arc . establishing Penny Hunks in connection with the Post Office Savings Hank , and co-operating'with other Institutions for I'l'omotiug the welfare nnd soei-. il improvement vtf the indvtstrv . il vhisses Vhvnnghouv the Country . The . Soe . ie . t y is entirely nnsoetnvian and unpolitical , and its operations are carried on amongst all classes of I lie cjiunimiify . Thrift publications for distribution will be forwarded in subscribers , if desired , or sent direct to any Institution or locality mentioned to the Secretary for that purpose . ' The following are the Subjects dealt with at the Meetings , and in the Publications of the N . T . S . : — ' nHtlr-T IN 1 ) 11 KSS . Till ! I FT I -V . ' Q ^ L'j . - . THI . 'II-T IX H KAI . TH . SAVIXtiS HANKS . ANNUITIES l ' '' ) li lll . l ) AUK . Til K FOOD ItlOFOItM MtlVKMKNT . Til IMF I' IX TIIK IIOUSF ,. TlllilFT JX TIIM WOHKSIIOl ' , TF .. M I'F . UANUF ,. _ yiU ) IN ( i . SOCIKTI F . S . FIIIKXIH . Y A XI ) _ I jjvXF FIT SI ITI K TI US . Til 111 ITJX ^ AM . US KM F . XTS . NATIONAL TlllilFT AXI ) 'I'll llfPTLKSSX KSSTlllilFT IN SAVI . Mi AND TlllilFT IN SI'KNDIXH . Contributions in support of the movement' arc much needed , and will be gratefully received b y I lie Chairman of Committee U ' . GKKVIU . B WAI . POU :, M . A ) , the Viee-Cliairtnan ( Captain TIHIMAS E . OI , AI : KK , . J . P . ) , the Hon . Sec . ( Colonel H . JASPF . II Wiu . i ' . n ) . or the ' ^ 'eretary ( Bro . T . BIIWUKX GIJKKX ) . Cheques should he crossed . Martin ' s Hank , Ltd ., and forwarded to the Head Ollice of the X . T . S ., '< EIXSUURV Outers , Lo . vno . v , E . C .